A nine-judge Constitution bench headed by Chief Justice Surya Kant delivered a 5:4 verdict on August 20, 2026, addressing the definition of 'industry' under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The ruling preserves the 1978 Bangalore Water Supply triple test for all pending disputes while narrowing its application to future cases and leaving the Industrial Relations Code 2020 unaffected. Sources consist solely of two left-center outlets, limiting perspective diversity.