Framing Analysis
Social media posts on Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok claimed Spain’s border with Morocco was opening, coinciding with a Spanish Supreme Court ruling on migrant returns and reports of drownings and stampede deaths during crossings into Ceuta. Official statements from Madrid attributed the surge to criminal gangs spreading misinformation, while casualty and arrival figures remain disputed across sources. Moroccan authorities engaged Spanish counterparts around July 22-23, with no advance warning of the event’s scale acknowledged by Spanish officials.