A Trump White House report released in 2018 estimated annual U.S. tax revenue losses of $19 billion to $26 billion from countries routing exports through third nations to avoid tariffs. PBS NewsHour reported that China responded to 2018 U.S. tariffs by sending goods to Mexico and Malaysia for packaging and limited assembly, with Peter Navarro stating evasion spanned more than 40 countries. The report preceded a planned September visit by Xi Jinping following President Trump's May trip to Beijing.