Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed a defense agreement stating that an armed attack on any party constitutes an attack on all. Pakistani and Turkish officials described the pact as defensive, consistent with UN Charter Article 51, and open to other regional states. The signing occurred amid US-Iran tensions, with one report placing the location in Jeddah.