Framing Analysis
Japan joined 13 other countries in a joint statement reaffirming the 2016 Permanent Court of Arbitration ruling that rejected China's expansive claims in the South China Sea. The statement coincides with the ruling's tenth anniversary and notes China's continued assertion of rights over approximately 90 percent of the waters. Multiple verified reports confirm the ruling's rejection of the nine-dash line and the overlap of claims with five Southeast Asian nations' exclusive economic zones.