Congress passed and the states ratified the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, with its first sentence defining citizenship for persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction. In 1898 the Supreme Court addressed the clause in United States v. Wong Kim Ark. President Trump issued an executive order on his first day in office directing that the clause does not extend citizenship to children of parents lacking legal status or present only temporarily; the order faced court challenges within 24 hours.