Anthony Fauci appeared before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee on July 29 and invoked his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination, declining to answer 15 questions from Chair Rand Paul. Biden issued a pardon to Fauci on January 19, 2025, covering conduct since 2014 related to COVID-19 and his NIAID role but excluding later actions. Multiple sources confirm Fauci's 38-year tenure at NIAID and the committee's focus on prior policies.