China has placed 20 Japanese entities, including divisions of Mitsubishi Corporation, on a control list prohibiting exports of dual-use items without licenses, and added 20 more, including units of Fujitsu, Komatsu, and Mitsui E&S, to a watch list. Exporters must submit risk assessments and pledges that items will not serve military purposes. The action follows documented patterns of reciprocal technology restrictions between China, Japan, and the United States.