Al-Monitor reported heavy missile and drone exchanges between US and Iranian forces, including Iranian closure of the Strait of Hormuz and strikes on facilities in Bahrain, Kuwait, Jordan, and Oman. The same report detailed US strikes on Iranian air defenses, radars, missiles, drones, and boats, alongside an interim agreement signed the prior month and statements from Donald Trump. No independent corroboration from US Central Command, GCC states, or commercial shipping data has been identified.